Football, measured

Football,
measured.

Every NFL play is worth some number of expected points. Add them up and you can rank teams, grade 4th-down calls, and test whether the scouting combine knows anything the draft board doesn't. Built from public play-by-play, with the method and limits in the open.

END ZONE1020304050OFFENSE EPA / PLAY →↑ DEFENSE (EPA ALLOWED, LOWER IS BETTER)GOOD O · GOOD DBAD O · BAD DNELABUFSEADENJAXHOUPHIDETGBINDCHILACKCSFBALPITMINATLTBNODALNYGCLEMIACARARIWASCINLVTENNYJ

Every play has a value in expected points

Three findings · 2025 season

What the numbers say

Teams

Patriots were the best team per play

Net EPA per play, offense minus defense allowed.

  • #1New England Patriots+0.206
  • #2Los Angeles Rams+0.206
  • #3Buffalo Bills+0.152
  • #32New York Jets−0.274
  • #31Tennessee Titans−0.261
  • #30Las Vegas Raiders−0.240
All 32 teams →

4th downs

76%

of clear-cut calls matched the model

Of 1,887 4th downs where one option was worth at least half a point more, coaches kicked 448 times when the model said go. Across every graded 4th down, calls that differed from the model gave up about 524 expected points league-wide.

The decision chart →

Draft

−0.003

AUC the combine adds over draft slot

On 2,001 picks from 2013–2020, adding 40 times, jumps and agility drills to the pick number didn't predict who became a starter any better. The slot already priced it in: 74% of 1st-rounders started 3+ seasons, 7% of 7th-rounders.

The draft study →